![]() VI abducens) to pass from the brain to the eyes to control movements of the eyes. ![]() These superior orbital fissures allow for the pairs (right and left) of cranial nerves III, IV, part of V, and VI (C.N. The sphenoid bone also forms the posterior aspect of the orbits (eye sockets) including the right and left pair of superior orbital fissures and the right and left pair of optic canals. Structures of the sphenoid are highlighted the same colors as the other parts of the figure. (Right) The sphenoid bone alone, anterior view. The sphenoid bone is highlighted in yellow with the pterygoid processes highlighted orange and the greater wings in red. (Left bottom) Inferior view of the skull with the mandible and bottom teeth removed. Parts of the sphenoid bone are further colored in green ( lesser wings), red ( greater wings), blue ( optic canals), and orange ( pterygoid processes). At this most inferior point of the sphenoid are pterygoid processes where chewing muscles attach.Ībove: (Left top) Anterior view of the skull with the frontal bone and maxilla bone removed and the sphenoid bone highlighted in yellow. Inferiorly, the sphenoid bone is located posterior to the palatine bones (the palatine bone forms the posterior of the roof of the mouth). The sphenoid bone creates some of the lateral cranium exterior on both the right and left sides between the temporal, parietal, and frontal bones. The sphenoid bone is a central bone in the skull located toward the anterior, but posterior to the ethmoid bone. Image E shows the anterior view of the skull and image F shows the superior view of the cranium interior with the anterior of the skull at the top of the image. Images E and F highlight the ethmoid bone in red and point to important structures of the ethmoid bone. These structures are visible in the cranium interior. In this diagram, you can see the cribriform plates, containing olfactory foramina, are located on either side of crista galli. Diagram D shows a simplified version of the ethmoid bone from an anterior view. Crista galli, an upward projection of the ethmoid bone, can be observed in the interior of the cranium and the perpendicular plate and middle nasal concha in the nasal cavity. Diagram C is an illustration of the ethmoid bone alone with an anterior view. Image B highlights the ethmoid bone in red with an anterior view. Image A highlights the ethmoid bone in red with a lateral view. Small segments of the ethmoid bone also make up medial regions of each of the right and left orbits or eye sockets.Ībove: This figure provides images depicting the location of the ethmoid bone and its structures. I are positioned on either side of crista galli on top of the two cribriform plates. ![]() The two cribriform plates are separated by crista galli, a superior-pointing projection of the ethmoid bone that can be seen inside the cranial cavity. I olfactory nerve), transmitting scent information to the brain. The olfactory foramina are passageways where axons of these scent-sensing neurons can pass into the cranial cavity and bring olfactory (scent) information to the olfactory bulbs of cranial nerve I ( C.N. At the inferior aspects of the cribriform plates, olfactory epithelia are equipped with olfactory sensory neurons collecting scent information. This separation is created by the cribriform plates of the ethmoid bone, two flat regions that house numerous pin-hole foramina called olfactory foramina. The ethmoid bone also creates separation between the nasal cavity and the cranial cavity. The perpendicular plate articulates with part of the vomer bone which form the inferior portion of the nasal septum. A medial, inferior-pointing projection called the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone creates the superior aspect of the septum separating the right and left nasal cavities. There are also paired medially-projecting inferior nasal conchae, but these are a part of the maxilla bone, a facial bone. These conchae form paired canals or passageways (right and left) in the nasal cavities for air passage called nasal meatuses ( superior, middle, and inferior nasal meatuses). The ethmoid bone is located deep in the anterior of the skull forming part of the nasal cavity, including the paired superior nasal conchae (right and left) and middle nasal conchae (right and left), bony projections that point medially into the nasal cavities. ![]()
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